如何使用 C# 在 Excel 中建立資料透視表，而不需要依賴 Office？

using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

// Create Excel application instance - requires Office installation
Excel.Application xlApp = new Excel.Application();
Excel.Workbook xlWorkbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open(@"C:\Data\SalesData.xlsx");
Excel.Worksheet xlSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)xlWorkbook.Sheets[1];
Excel.Worksheet xlPivotSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)xlWorkbook.Sheets.Add();

// Define data range for pivot table
Excel.Range dataRange = xlSheet.UsedRange;

// Create pivot cache and pivot table - COM objects require explicit cleanup
Excel.PivotCache pivotCache = xlWorkbook.PivotCaches().Create(
    Excel.XlPivotTableSourceType.xlDatabase,
    dataRange,
    Type.Missing);
Excel.PivotTable pivotTable = pivotCache.CreatePivotTable(
    xlPivotSheet.Cells[3, 1],
    "SalesPivot",
    Type.Missing,
    Type.Missing);

// Configure pivot table fields - traditional row/column/data setup
Excel.PivotField productField = (Excel.PivotField)pivotTable.PivotFields("Product");
productField.Orientation = Excel.XlPivotFieldOrientation.xlRowField;
productField.Position = 1;
Excel.PivotField regionField = (Excel.PivotField)pivotTable.PivotFields("Region");
regionField.Orientation = Excel.XlPivotFieldOrientation.xlColumnField;
regionField.Position = 1;
Excel.PivotField salesField = (Excel.PivotField)pivotTable.PivotFields("Sales");
pivotTable.AddDataField(salesField, "Sum of Sales", Excel.XlConsolidationFunction.xlSum);

// Save and cleanup - critical for preventing memory leaks
xlWorkbook.SaveAs(@"C:\Data\PivotReport.xlsx");
xlWorkbook.Close();
xlApp.Quit();

// Release COM objects to prevent memory leaks - must release in reverse order
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pivotTable);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pivotCache);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlPivotSheet);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlSheet);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);

Imports Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

' Create Excel application instance - requires Office installation
Dim xlApp As New Excel.Application()
Dim xlWorkbook As Excel.Workbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open("C:\Data\SalesData.xlsx")
Dim xlSheet As Excel.Worksheet = CType(xlWorkbook.Sheets(1), Excel.Worksheet)
Dim xlPivotSheet As Excel.Worksheet = CType(xlWorkbook.Sheets.Add(), Excel.Worksheet)

' Define data range for pivot table
Dim dataRange As Excel.Range = xlSheet.UsedRange

' Create pivot cache and pivot table - COM objects require explicit cleanup
Dim pivotCache As Excel.PivotCache = xlWorkbook.PivotCaches().Create(Excel.XlPivotTableSourceType.xlDatabase, dataRange, Type.Missing)
Dim pivotTable As Excel.PivotTable = pivotCache.CreatePivotTable(xlPivotSheet.Cells(3, 1), "SalesPivot", Type.Missing, Type.Missing)

' Configure pivot table fields - traditional row/column/data setup
Dim productField As Excel.PivotField = CType(pivotTable.PivotFields("Product"), Excel.PivotField)
productField.Orientation = Excel.XlPivotFieldOrientation.xlRowField
productField.Position = 1
Dim regionField As Excel.PivotField = CType(pivotTable.PivotFields("Region"), Excel.PivotField)
regionField.Orientation = Excel.XlPivotFieldOrientation.xlColumnField
regionField.Position = 1
Dim salesField As Excel.PivotField = CType(pivotTable.PivotFields("Sales"), Excel.PivotField)
pivotTable.AddDataField(salesField, "Sum of Sales", Excel.XlConsolidationFunction.xlSum)

' Save and cleanup - critical for preventing memory leaks
xlWorkbook.SaveAs("C:\Data\PivotReport.xlsx")
xlWorkbook.Close()
xlApp.Quit()

' Release COM objects to prevent memory leaks - must release in reverse order
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pivotTable)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pivotCache)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlPivotSheet)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlSheet)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp)

using IronXL;
using System.Linq;
using System.Data; // Essential for DataTable manipulation
using static System.Data.DataTableExtensions; // Extension methods for LINQ queries

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Load Excel file - works on all platforms without Office
        WorkBook workbook = WorkBook.Load("SalesData.xlsx");
        WorkSheet dataSheet = workbook.WorkSheets[0];

        // Convert to DataTable for powerful manipulation - maintains data types
        var dataTable = dataSheet.ToDataTable(true); // true = use first row as column headers

        // Create pivot-style aggregation using LINQ - no COM objects needed
        var pivotData = dataTable.AsEnumerable()
            .GroupBy(row => new {
                Product = row["Product"].ToString(),
                Region = row["Region"].ToString()
            }) // Group by multiple dimensions
            .Select(g => new {
                Product = g.Key.Product,
                Region = g.Key.Region,
                TotalSales = g.Sum(row => Convert.ToDecimal(row["Sales"])),
                AverageSale = g.Average(row => Convert.ToDecimal(row["Sales"])),
                Count = g.Count()
            });

        // Create pivot report worksheet - no Excel process started
        WorkSheet pivotSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("PivotReport");

        // Build cross-tabulation structure programmatically
        var products = pivotData.Select(p => p.Product).Distinct().OrderBy(p => p);
        var regions = pivotData.Select(p => p.Region).Distinct().OrderBy(r => r);

        // Create headers with formatting options
        pivotSheet["A1"].Value = "Product/Region";
        int col = 2;
        foreach (var region in regions)
        {
            pivotSheet[$"{(char)('A' + col - 1)}1"].Value = region; // Dynamic column addressing
            col++;
        }

        // Populate pivot data - memory efficient for large datasets
        int row = 2;
        foreach (var product in products)
        {
            pivotSheet[$"A{row}"].Value = product;
            col = 2;
            foreach (var region in regions)
            {
                var sales = pivotData
                    .Where(p => p.Product == product && p.Region == region)
                    .Select(p => p.TotalSales)
                    .FirstOrDefault();
                pivotSheet[$"{(char)('A' + col - 1)}{row}"].Value = sales;
                col++;
            }
            row++;
        }

        // Add totals using Excel formulas - maintains live calculations
        pivotSheet[$"A{row}"].Value = "Total"; // Grand totals row
        for (int c = 2; c <= regions.Count() + 1; c++)
        {
            // Formula references ensure dynamic updates
            pivotSheet[$"{(char)('A' + c - 1)}{row}"].Formula = 
                $"=SUM({(char)('A' + c - 1)}2:{(char)('A' + c - 1)}{row - 1})";
        }

        // Apply professional formatting - currency format for sales data
        var dataRange = pivotSheet[$"B2:{(char)('A' + regions.Count())}{row}"];
        dataRange.FormatString = "$#,##0.00";

        // Save without Office dependencies - works in containers
        workbook.SaveAs("PivotReport.xlsx");
    }
}

Imports IronXL
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Data ' Essential for DataTable manipulation
Imports System.Data.DataTableExtensions ' Extension methods for LINQ queries

Module Program
    Sub Main(args As String())
        ' Load Excel file - works on all platforms without Office
        Dim workbook As WorkBook = WorkBook.Load("SalesData.xlsx")
        Dim dataSheet As WorkSheet = workbook.WorkSheets(0)

        ' Convert to DataTable for powerful manipulation - maintains data types
        Dim dataTable = dataSheet.ToDataTable(True) ' True = use first row as column headers

        ' Create pivot-style aggregation using LINQ - no COM objects needed
        Dim pivotData = dataTable.AsEnumerable() _
            .GroupBy(Function(row) New With {
                Key .Product = row("Product").ToString(),
                Key .Region = row("Region").ToString()
            }) _
            .Select(Function(g) New With {
                .Product = g.Key.Product,
                .Region = g.Key.Region,
                .TotalSales = g.Sum(Function(row) Convert.ToDecimal(row("Sales"))),
                .AverageSale = g.Average(Function(row) Convert.ToDecimal(row("Sales"))),
                .Count = g.Count()
            })

        ' Create pivot report worksheet - no Excel process started
        Dim pivotSheet As WorkSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("PivotReport")

        ' Build cross-tabulation structure programmatically
        Dim products = pivotData.Select(Function(p) p.Product).Distinct().OrderBy(Function(p) p)
        Dim regions = pivotData.Select(Function(p) p.Region).Distinct().OrderBy(Function(r) r)

        ' Create headers with formatting options
        pivotSheet("A1").Value = "Product/Region"
        Dim col As Integer = 2
        For Each region In regions
            pivotSheet($"{ChrW(Asc("A"c) + col - 1)}1").Value = region ' Dynamic column addressing
            col += 1
        Next

        ' Populate pivot data - memory efficient for large datasets
        Dim row As Integer = 2
        For Each product In products
            pivotSheet($"A{row}").Value = product
            col = 2
            For Each region In regions
                Dim sales = pivotData _
                    .Where(Function(p) p.Product = product AndAlso p.Region = region) _
                    .Select(Function(p) p.TotalSales) _
                    .FirstOrDefault()
                pivotSheet($"{ChrW(Asc("A"c) + col - 1)}{row}").Value = sales
                col += 1
            Next
            row += 1
        Next

        ' Add totals using Excel formulas - maintains live calculations
        pivotSheet($"A{row}").Value = "Total" ' Grand totals row
        For c As Integer = 2 To regions.Count() + 1
            ' Formula references ensure dynamic updates
            pivotSheet($"{ChrW(Asc("A"c) + c - 1)}{row}").Formula = 
                $"=SUM({ChrW(Asc("A"c) + c - 1)}2:{ChrW(Asc("A"c) + c - 1)}{row - 1})"
        Next

        ' Apply professional formatting - currency format for sales data
        Dim dataRange = pivotSheet($"B2:{ChrW(Asc("A"c) + regions.Count())}{row}")
        dataRange.FormatString = "$#,##0.00"

        ' Save without Office dependencies - works in containers
        workbook.SaveAs("PivotReport.xlsx")
    End Sub
End Module

// Load the workbook - container-friendly approach
WorkBook workbook = WorkBook.Load(inputPath);

// Rename the first worksheet so formulas reference correctly
WorkSheet dataSheet = workbook.WorkSheets[0];
dataSheet.Name = "DataSheet"; // Named reference for formulas

// Convert worksheet to DataTable for efficient processing
DataTable dataTable = dataSheet.ToDataTable(true);

// Create new summary worksheet - no COM objects
WorkSheet summarySheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("DynamicSummary");

// Get unique product-region combinations using LINQ
var uniqueCombos = dataTable.AsEnumerable()
    .Select(row => new {
        Product = row["Product"].ToString(),
        Region = row["Region"].ToString()
    })
    .Distinct()
    .OrderBy(x => x.Product)
    .ThenBy(x => x.Region);

// Add header row with proper formatting
summarySheet["A1"].Value = "Product";
summarySheet["B1"].Value = "Region";
summarySheet["C1"].Value = "Total Sales";
summarySheet["D1"].Value = "Count";

// Populate rows with formulas - maintains live data connection
int rowIndex = 2;
foreach (var combo in uniqueCombos)
{
    summarySheet[$"A{rowIndex}"].Value = combo.Product;
    summarySheet[$"B{rowIndex}"].Value = combo.Region;

    // SUMIFS formula for conditional aggregation
    summarySheet[$"C{rowIndex}"].Formula =
        $"=SUMIFS(DataSheet!C:C,DataSheet!A:A,\"{combo.Product}\",DataSheet!B:B,\"{combo.Region}\")";

    // COUNTIFS for record counting
    summarySheet[$"D{rowIndex}"].Formula =
        $"=COUNTIFS(DataSheet!A:A,\"{combo.Product}\",DataSheet!B:B,\"{combo.Region}\")";

    rowIndex++;
}

// Optional: add total row with grand totals
summarySheet[$"A{rowIndex}"].Value = "Total";
summarySheet[$"C{rowIndex}"].Formula = $"=SUM(C2:C{rowIndex - 1})";
summarySheet[$"D{rowIndex}"].Formula = $"=SUM(D2:D{rowIndex - 1})";

// Apply number formatting for professional appearance
var salesColumn = summarySheet[$"C2:C{rowIndex}"];
salesColumn.FormatString = "$#,##0.00";

// Save output file - works in any environment
workbook.SaveAs(outputPath);  // No Office required

Imports System.Data
Imports System.Linq

' Load the workbook - container-friendly approach
Dim workbook As WorkBook = WorkBook.Load(inputPath)

' Rename the first worksheet so formulas reference correctly
Dim dataSheet As WorkSheet = workbook.WorkSheets(0)
dataSheet.Name = "DataSheet" ' Named reference for formulas

' Convert worksheet to DataTable for efficient processing
Dim dataTable As DataTable = dataSheet.ToDataTable(True)

' Create new summary worksheet - no COM objects
Dim summarySheet As WorkSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("DynamicSummary")

' Get unique product-region combinations using LINQ
Dim uniqueCombos = dataTable.AsEnumerable() _
    .Select(Function(row) New With {
        .Product = row("Product").ToString(),
        .Region = row("Region").ToString()
    }) _
    .Distinct() _
    .OrderBy(Function(x) x.Product) _
    .ThenBy(Function(x) x.Region)

' Add header row with proper formatting
summarySheet("A1").Value = "Product"
summarySheet("B1").Value = "Region"
summarySheet("C1").Value = "Total Sales"
summarySheet("D1").Value = "Count"

' Populate rows with formulas - maintains live data connection
Dim rowIndex As Integer = 2
For Each combo In uniqueCombos
    summarySheet($"A{rowIndex}").Value = combo.Product
    summarySheet($"B{rowIndex}").Value = combo.Region

    ' SUMIFS formula for conditional aggregation
    summarySheet($"C{rowIndex}").Formula =
        $"=SUMIFS(DataSheet!C:C,DataSheet!A:A,""{combo.Product}"",DataSheet!B:B,""{combo.Region}"")"

    ' COUNTIFS for record counting
    summarySheet($"D{rowIndex}").Formula =
        $"=COUNTIFS(DataSheet!A:A,""{combo.Product}"",DataSheet!B:B,""{combo.Region}"")"

    rowIndex += 1
Next

' Optional: add total row with grand totals
summarySheet($"A{rowIndex}").Value = "Total"
summarySheet($"C{rowIndex}").Formula = $"=SUM(C2:C{rowIndex - 1})"
summarySheet($"D{rowIndex}").Formula = $"=SUM(D2:D{rowIndex - 1})"

' Apply number formatting for professional appearance
Dim salesColumn = summarySheet($"C2:C{rowIndex}")
salesColumn.FormatString = "$#,##0.00"

' Save output file - works in any environment
workbook.SaveAs(outputPath) ' No Office required