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如何在C#中创建Excel文件

如何在不使用互操作的情况下用 C# 创建 Excel 文件

Jacob Mellor，Team Iron 的首席技术官
Jacob Mellor
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学习如何使用 IronXL 在 C# 中生成 Excel 文件——IronXL 是一个功能强大的 .NET Excel 库，可以创建、读取和编辑电子表格，而无需依赖 Microsoft Office。 本教程将通过逐步代码示例，指导您以编程方式构建 Excel 工作簿。

快速入门：一行简单Excel工作簿创建

使用 IronXL 可以立即创建一个新的 Excel 文件——只需选择格式、添加工作表、设置任意单元格值并保存即可。 这是生成 XLSX 文件的最快方法，它具有直观的 API 调用，并且不会出现任何互操作性问题。

Nuget Icon立即开始使用 NuGet 创建 PDF 文件：

  1. 使用 NuGet 包管理器安装 IronXL

    PM > Install-Package IronXL.Excel

  2. 复制并运行这段代码。

    WorkBook book = IronXL.WorkBook.Create(IronXL.ExcelFileFormat.XLSX); book.CreateWorkSheet("Sheet1")["A1"].Value = "Hello World"; book.SaveAs("MyFile.xlsx");

  3. 部署到您的生产环境中进行测试

    立即开始在您的项目中使用 IronXL，免费试用！
    arrow pointer

概述

最小工作流程（5 个步骤）

  1. 下载用于创建 Excel 和 CSV 文件的 C# 库
  2. 创建一个 ASP.NET 项目 Web 应用程序
  3. 使用 IronXL 创建 Excel 工作簿
  4. 在 Excel 工作表中设置单元格值
  5. 应用格式并设置背景颜色
  6. 在单元格中使用公式
  7. 设置工作表和打印属性
  8. 保存您的 Excel 工作簿

什么是 IronXL？为什么要使用它来创建 Excel 文件？

IronXL 是一个直观的 C# 和 VB Excel API ，使您能够在 .NET 中读取、编辑和创建 Excel 电子表格文件，并具有卓越的性能。 与传统方法不同，无需安装 Microsoft Office 或使用 Excel Interop，使部署更简单、更可靠。

IronXL 完全支持 .NET 9、.NET 8、.NET Core、.NET Framework、Xamarin、移动、Linux、macOS 和 Azure 环境。

IronXL 功能

  • 由我们的 .NET 开发团队直接提供人工支持 使用 Microsoft Visual Studio 快速安装
  • 免费用于开发。 来自$799许可证

如何快速创建并保存Excel文件？

通过 NuGet 安装 IronXL或直接下载 DLL 文件。

using IronXL;

// Create a new Excel workbook with XLSX format
WorkBook workBook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX);

// Add a worksheet to the workbook
var workSheet = workBook.CreateWorkSheet("example_sheet");

// Set individual cell values using intuitive syntax
workSheet["A1"].Value = "Example";

// Set multiple cells at once using range syntax
workSheet["A2:A4"].Value = 5;

// Apply cell styling - set background color using hex code
workSheet["A5"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#f0f0f0");

// Make text bold for better visibility
workSheet["A5:A6"].Style.Font.Bold = true;

// Add Excel formula to calculate sum
workSheet["A6"].Formula = "=SUM(A2:A4)";

// Calculate all formulas to show results
workSheet.EvaluateAll();

// Verify formula calculation worked correctly
if (workSheet["A6"].IntValue == 15) // Sum of three cells with value 5
{
    Console.WriteLine("Formula calculation successful!");
}

// Save the Excel file to disk
workBook.SaveAs("example_workbook.xlsx");
using IronXL;

// Create a new Excel workbook with XLSX format
WorkBook workBook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX);

// Add a worksheet to the workbook
var workSheet = workBook.CreateWorkSheet("example_sheet");

// Set individual cell values using intuitive syntax
workSheet["A1"].Value = "Example";

// Set multiple cells at once using range syntax
workSheet["A2:A4"].Value = 5;

// Apply cell styling - set background color using hex code
workSheet["A5"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#f0f0f0");

// Make text bold for better visibility
workSheet["A5:A6"].Style.Font.Bold = true;

// Add Excel formula to calculate sum
workSheet["A6"].Formula = "=SUM(A2:A4)";

// Calculate all formulas to show results
workSheet.EvaluateAll();

// Verify formula calculation worked correctly
if (workSheet["A6"].IntValue == 15) // Sum of three cells with value 5
{
    Console.WriteLine("Formula calculation successful!");
}

// Save the Excel file to disk
workBook.SaveAs("example_workbook.xlsx");
Imports IronXL

' Create a new Excel workbook with XLSX format
Private workBook As WorkBook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX)

' Add a worksheet to the workbook
Private workSheet = workBook.CreateWorkSheet("example_sheet")

' Set individual cell values using intuitive syntax
Private workSheet("A1").Value = "Example"

' Set multiple cells at once using range syntax
Private workSheet("A2:A4").Value = 5

' Apply cell styling - set background color using hex code
workSheet("A5").Style.SetBackgroundColor("#f0f0f0")

' Make text bold for better visibility
workSheet("A5:A6").Style.Font.Bold = True

' Add Excel formula to calculate sum
workSheet("A6").Formula = "=SUM(A2:A4)"

' Calculate all formulas to show results
workSheet.EvaluateAll()

' Verify formula calculation worked correctly
If workSheet("A6").IntValue = 15 Then ' Sum of three cells with value 5
	Console.WriteLine("Formula calculation successful!")
End If

' Save the Excel file to disk
workBook.SaveAs("example_workbook.xlsx")
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

此代码演示了 IronXL 的主要功能：创建工作簿、添加工作表、设置单元格值和样式、使用公式以及保存文件。 WorkBook类是所有 Excel 操作的入口点，而WorkSheet类提供了操作单个工作表的方法。

步骤1

1. 如何安装 IronXL C# 库？

使用 NuGet ( Install-Package IronXL ) 安装 IronXL 库，或者直接下载 DLL 文件。

今天在您的项目中使用 IronXL，免费试用。

第一步：
green arrow pointer

如何使用 NuGet 安装 IronXL？

安装 IronXL NuGet 包有三种方法：

  1. Visual Studio 包管理器
  2. 开发人员命令提示符
  3. 直接从 NuGet.org 下载

Visual Studio 安装

Visual Studio 提供了 NuGet 包管理器，方便用户轻松安装软件包。 通过"项目"菜单或在"解决方案资源管理器"中右键单击项目来访问它。

Visual Studio 项目菜单中显示

图 3 –通过"项目"菜单访问 NuGet 包管理器

解决方案资源管理器上下文菜单显示

图 4 –解决方案资源管理器中的右键单击上下文菜单


单击"管理 NuGet 程序包"后，浏览到 IronXL.Excel 程序包并进行安装。


NuGet 包管理器显示 IronXL.Excel 包已准备好安装

图 5 –通过 NuGet 包管理器安装 IronXL.Excel

开发者命令提示符安装

使用以下命令打开软件包管理器控制台：

Install-Package IronXL.Excel

直接下载安装

  1. 导航至：https://www.nuget.org/packages/IronXL.Excel/
  2. 点击下载软件包
  3. 双击下载的软件包
  4. 重新加载 Visual Studio 项目

如何通过下载 DLL 文件来安装 IronXL？

直接从以下位置下载 IronXL：https://ironsoftware.com/csharp/excel/

IronXL 网站下载页面显示了安装说明和下载按钮

图 6 –从官方网站下载 IronXL 库

在项目中引用该库：

  1. 在解决方案资源管理器中右键单击解决方案。
  2. 选择参考文献
  3. 浏览并找到 IronXL.dll 库
  4. 单击"确定"

我们走吧！

现在，您可以开始探索 IronXL 强大的 Excel 处理功能了！

如何使用教程

2. 如何创建一个用于生成 Excel 的 ASP.NET 项目？

按照以下步骤创建 ASP.NET 网站：

  1. 打开Visual Studio
  2. 单击"文件">"新建项目"
  3. 在"项目类型"列表中，选择"Visual C#"下的"Web"。

  4. 选择 ASP.NET Web 应用程序


    Visual Studio 新建项目对话框，并选中 ASP.NET Web 应用程序

    图 1 – Create new ASP.NET project

  5. 单击"确定"

  6. 选择 Web 表单模板

    ASP.NET 项目模板选择，显示 Web 窗体选项

    图 2 – Select Web Forms template

  7. 单击"确定"

项目准备就绪后，安装 IronXL 即可开始以编程方式创建 Excel 文件。

3. 如何在 C# 中创建 Excel 工作簿？

使用 IronXL 创建新的 Excel 工作簿只需要一行代码：

using IronXL;

// Create workbook with XLSX format (recommended for modern Excel)
WorkBook workbook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX);

// Alternative: Create legacy XLS format for older Excel versions
WorkBook legacyWorkbook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLS);
using IronXL;

// Create workbook with XLSX format (recommended for modern Excel)
WorkBook workbook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX);

// Alternative: Create legacy XLS format for older Excel versions
WorkBook legacyWorkbook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLS);
Imports IronXL

' Create workbook with XLSX format (recommended for modern Excel)
Private workbook As WorkBook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX)

' Alternative: Create legacy XLS format for older Excel versions
Private legacyWorkbook As WorkBook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLS)
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

WorkBook.Create方法同时支持 XLS（Excel 97-2003）和 XLSX（Excel 2007+）格式。 建议使用 XLSX 格式以获得更好的性能和更小的文件大小。

3.1. 如何向我的工作簿中添加工作表？

添加工作表很简单：

// Create a worksheet with custom name for budget tracking
WorkSheet budgetSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("2020 Budget");

// Add multiple worksheets for different purposes
WorkSheet salesSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Sales Data");
WorkSheet inventorySheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Inventory");

// Access existing worksheet by name
WorkSheet existingSheet = workbook.GetWorkSheet("2020 Budget");
// Create a worksheet with custom name for budget tracking
WorkSheet budgetSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("2020 Budget");

// Add multiple worksheets for different purposes
WorkSheet salesSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Sales Data");
WorkSheet inventorySheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Inventory");

// Access existing worksheet by name
WorkSheet existingSheet = workbook.GetWorkSheet("2020 Budget");
' Create a worksheet with custom name for budget tracking
Dim budgetSheet As WorkSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("2020 Budget")

' Add multiple worksheets for different purposes
Dim salesSheet As WorkSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Sales Data")
Dim inventorySheet As WorkSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Inventory")

' Access existing worksheet by name
Dim existingSheet As WorkSheet = workbook.GetWorkSheet("2020 Budget")
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

一本练习册包含一张或多张练习题。 每个工作表都由行和列组成，单元格位于行和列的交叉点。 使用CreateWorkSheet方法向工作簿添加新工作表。

4. 如何在 Excel 中设置单元格值？

4.1. 如何手动设置单元格值？

设置单个单元格值时，可以使用类似 Excel 的直观语法：

// Set month names in first row for annual budget spreadsheet
workSheet["A1"].Value = "January";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "February";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "March";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "April";
workSheet["E1"].Value = "May";
workSheet["F1"].Value = "June";
workSheet["G1"].Value = "July";
workSheet["H1"].Value = "August";
workSheet["I1"].Value = "September";
workSheet["J1"].Value = "October";
workSheet["K1"].Value = "November";
workSheet["L1"].Value = "December";

// Set different data types - IronXL handles conversion automatically
workSheet["A2"].Value = 1500.50m;  // Decimal for currency
workSheet["A3"].Value = DateTime.Now;  // Date values
workSheet["A4"].Value = true;  // Boolean values
// Set month names in first row for annual budget spreadsheet
workSheet["A1"].Value = "January";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "February";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "March";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "April";
workSheet["E1"].Value = "May";
workSheet["F1"].Value = "June";
workSheet["G1"].Value = "July";
workSheet["H1"].Value = "August";
workSheet["I1"].Value = "September";
workSheet["J1"].Value = "October";
workSheet["K1"].Value = "November";
workSheet["L1"].Value = "December";

// Set different data types - IronXL handles conversion automatically
workSheet["A2"].Value = 1500.50m;  // Decimal for currency
workSheet["A3"].Value = DateTime.Now;  // Date values
workSheet["A4"].Value = true;  // Boolean values
' Set month names in first row for annual budget spreadsheet
workSheet("A1").Value = "January"
workSheet("B1").Value = "February"
workSheet("C1").Value = "March"
workSheet("D1").Value = "April"
workSheet("E1").Value = "May"
workSheet("F1").Value = "June"
workSheet("G1").Value = "July"
workSheet("H1").Value = "August"
workSheet("I1").Value = "September"
workSheet("J1").Value = "October"
workSheet("K1").Value = "November"
workSheet("L1").Value = "December"

' Set different data types - IronXL handles conversion automatically
workSheet("A2").Value = 1500.50D ' Decimal for currency
workSheet("A3").Value = DateTime.Now ' Date values
workSheet("A4").Value = True ' Boolean values
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

Cell.Value属性接受多种数据类型，包括字符串、数字、日期和布尔值。 IronXL会根据数据类型自动格式化单元格。

4.2. 如何动态设置单元格值？

动态值设置非常适合数据驱动型应用：

// Initialize random number generator for sample data
Random r = new Random();

// Populate cells with random budget data for each month
for (int i = 2; i <= 11; i++)
{
    // Set different budget categories with increasing ranges
    workSheet[$"A{i}"].Value = r.Next(1, 1000);     // Office Supplies
    workSheet[$"B{i}"].Value = r.Next(1000, 2000);  // Utilities
    workSheet[$"C{i}"].Value = r.Next(2000, 3000);  // Rent
    workSheet[$"D{i}"].Value = r.Next(3000, 4000);  // Salaries
    workSheet[$"E{i}"].Value = r.Next(4000, 5000);  // Marketing
    workSheet[$"F{i}"].Value = r.Next(5000, 6000);  // IT Services
    workSheet[$"G{i}"].Value = r.Next(6000, 7000);  // Travel
    workSheet[$"H{i}"].Value = r.Next(7000, 8000);  // Training
    workSheet[$"I{i}"].Value = r.Next(8000, 9000);  // Insurance
    workSheet[$"J{i}"].Value = r.Next(9000, 10000); // Equipment
    workSheet[$"K{i}"].Value = r.Next(10000, 11000); // Research
    workSheet[$"L{i}"].Value = r.Next(11000, 12000); // Misc
}

// Alternative: Set range of cells with same value
workSheet["A13:L13"].Value = 0; // Initialize totals row
// Initialize random number generator for sample data
Random r = new Random();

// Populate cells with random budget data for each month
for (int i = 2; i <= 11; i++)
{
    // Set different budget categories with increasing ranges
    workSheet[$"A{i}"].Value = r.Next(1, 1000);     // Office Supplies
    workSheet[$"B{i}"].Value = r.Next(1000, 2000);  // Utilities
    workSheet[$"C{i}"].Value = r.Next(2000, 3000);  // Rent
    workSheet[$"D{i}"].Value = r.Next(3000, 4000);  // Salaries
    workSheet[$"E{i}"].Value = r.Next(4000, 5000);  // Marketing
    workSheet[$"F{i}"].Value = r.Next(5000, 6000);  // IT Services
    workSheet[$"G{i}"].Value = r.Next(6000, 7000);  // Travel
    workSheet[$"H{i}"].Value = r.Next(7000, 8000);  // Training
    workSheet[$"I{i}"].Value = r.Next(8000, 9000);  // Insurance
    workSheet[$"J{i}"].Value = r.Next(9000, 10000); // Equipment
    workSheet[$"K{i}"].Value = r.Next(10000, 11000); // Research
    workSheet[$"L{i}"].Value = r.Next(11000, 12000); // Misc
}

// Alternative: Set range of cells with same value
workSheet["A13:L13"].Value = 0; // Initialize totals row
' Initialize random number generator for sample data
Dim r As New Random()

' Populate cells with random budget data for each month
For i As Integer = 2 To 11
	' Set different budget categories with increasing ranges
	workSheet($"A{i}").Value = r.Next(1, 1000) ' Office Supplies
	workSheet($"B{i}").Value = r.Next(1000, 2000) ' Utilities
	workSheet($"C{i}").Value = r.Next(2000, 3000) ' Rent
	workSheet($"D{i}").Value = r.Next(3000, 4000) ' Salaries
	workSheet($"E{i}").Value = r.Next(4000, 5000) ' Marketing
	workSheet($"F{i}").Value = r.Next(5000, 6000) ' IT Services
	workSheet($"G{i}").Value = r.Next(6000, 7000) ' Travel
	workSheet($"H{i}").Value = r.Next(7000, 8000) ' Training
	workSheet($"I{i}").Value = r.Next(8000, 9000) ' Insurance
	workSheet($"J{i}").Value = r.Next(9000, 10000) ' Equipment
	workSheet($"K{i}").Value = r.Next(10000, 11000) ' Research
	workSheet($"L{i}").Value = r.Next(11000, 12000) ' Misc
Next i

' Alternative: Set range of cells with same value
workSheet("A13:L13").Value = 0 ' Initialize totals row
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

字符串插值（ $&quot;A{i}&quot; ）使动态引用单元格变得容易。 Range索引器支持单个单元格和范围。

4.3. 如何从数据库填充 Excel？

将数据库中的数据导入Excel是一项常见需求：

using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using IronXL;

// Database connection setup for retrieving sales data
string connectionString = @"Data Source=ServerName;Initial Catalog=SalesDB;Integrated Security=true";
string query = "SELECT ProductName, Quantity, UnitPrice, TotalSales FROM MonthlySales";

// Create DataSet to hold query results
DataSet salesData = new DataSet();

using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
using (SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(query, connection))
{
    // Fill DataSet with sales information
    adapter.Fill(salesData);
}

// Write headers for database columns
workSheet["A1"].Value = "Product Name";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "Quantity";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "Unit Price";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "Total Sales";

// Apply header formatting
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.Bold = true;
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#4472C4");
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF";

// Populate Excel with database records
DataTable salesTable = salesData.Tables[0];
for (int row = 0; row < salesTable.Rows.Count; row++)
{
    int excelRow = row + 2; // Start from row 2 (after headers)

    workSheet[$"A{excelRow}"].Value = salesTable.Rows[row]["ProductName"].ToString();
    workSheet[$"B{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToInt32(salesTable.Rows[row]["Quantity"]);
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["UnitPrice"]);
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["TotalSales"]);

    // Format currency columns
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
}

// Add summary row with formulas
int summaryRow = salesTable.Rows.Count + 2;
workSheet[$"A{summaryRow}"].Value = "TOTAL";
workSheet[$"B{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(B2:B{summaryRow-1})";
workSheet[$"D{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(D2:D{summaryRow-1})";
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using IronXL;

// Database connection setup for retrieving sales data
string connectionString = @"Data Source=ServerName;Initial Catalog=SalesDB;Integrated Security=true";
string query = "SELECT ProductName, Quantity, UnitPrice, TotalSales FROM MonthlySales";

// Create DataSet to hold query results
DataSet salesData = new DataSet();

using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
using (SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(query, connection))
{
    // Fill DataSet with sales information
    adapter.Fill(salesData);
}

// Write headers for database columns
workSheet["A1"].Value = "Product Name";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "Quantity";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "Unit Price";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "Total Sales";

// Apply header formatting
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.Bold = true;
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#4472C4");
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF";

// Populate Excel with database records
DataTable salesTable = salesData.Tables[0];
for (int row = 0; row < salesTable.Rows.Count; row++)
{
    int excelRow = row + 2; // Start from row 2 (after headers)

    workSheet[$"A{excelRow}"].Value = salesTable.Rows[row]["ProductName"].ToString();
    workSheet[$"B{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToInt32(salesTable.Rows[row]["Quantity"]);
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["UnitPrice"]);
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["TotalSales"]);

    // Format currency columns
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
}

// Add summary row with formulas
int summaryRow = salesTable.Rows.Count + 2;
workSheet[$"A{summaryRow}"].Value = "TOTAL";
workSheet[$"B{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(B2:B{summaryRow-1})";
workSheet[$"D{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(D2:D{summaryRow-1})";
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports IronXL

' Database connection setup for retrieving sales data
Private connectionString As String = "Data Source=ServerName;Initial Catalog=SalesDB;Integrated Security=true"
Private query As String = "SELECT ProductName, Quantity, UnitPrice, TotalSales FROM MonthlySales"

' Create DataSet to hold query results
Private salesData As New DataSet()

Using connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)
Using adapter As New SqlDataAdapter(query, connection)
	' Fill DataSet with sales information
	adapter.Fill(salesData)
End Using
End Using

' Write headers for database columns
workSheet("A1").Value = "Product Name"
workSheet("B1").Value = "Quantity"
workSheet("C1").Value = "Unit Price"
workSheet("D1").Value = "Total Sales"

' Apply header formatting
workSheet("A1:D1").Style.Font.Bold = True
workSheet("A1:D1").Style.SetBackgroundColor("#4472C4")
workSheet("A1:D1").Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF"

' Populate Excel with database records
Dim salesTable As DataTable = salesData.Tables(0)
For row As Integer = 0 To salesTable.Rows.Count - 1
	Dim excelRow As Integer = row + 2 ' Start from row 2 (after headers)

	workSheet($"A{excelRow}").Value = salesTable.Rows(row)("ProductName").ToString()
	workSheet($"B{excelRow}").Value = Convert.ToInt32(salesTable.Rows(row)("Quantity"))
	workSheet($"C{excelRow}").Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows(row)("UnitPrice"))
	workSheet($"D{excelRow}").Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows(row)("TotalSales"))

	' Format currency columns
	workSheet($"C{excelRow}").FormatString = "$#,##0.00"
	workSheet($"D{excelRow}").FormatString = "$#,##0.00"
Next row

' Add summary row with formulas
Dim summaryRow As Integer = salesTable.Rows.Count + 2
workSheet($"A{summaryRow}").Value = "TOTAL"
workSheet($"B{summaryRow}").Formula = $"=SUM(B2:B{summaryRow-1})"
workSheet($"D{summaryRow}").Formula = $"=SUM(D2:D{summaryRow-1})"
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

本示例演示如何从数据库读取 Excel 数据、应用格式以及使用公式进行计算。 FormatString属性可以像在 Excel 中一样自定义数字格式。

5. 如何对 Excel 单元格应用格式？

5.1. 如何在 Excel 中设置背景颜色？

单元格样式可以增强可读性和视觉吸引力：

// Set header row background to light gray using hex color
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#d3d3d3");

// Apply different colors for data categorization
workSheet["A2:A11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#E7F3FF"); // Light blue for January
workSheet["B2:B11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FFF2CC"); // Light yellow for February

// Highlight important cells with bold colors
workSheet["L12"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FF0000"); // Red for totals
workSheet["L12"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF"; // White text

// Create alternating row colors for better readability
for (int row = 2; row <= 11; row++)
{
    if (row % 2 == 0)
    {
        workSheet[$"A{row}:L{row}"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#F2F2F2");
    }
}
// Set header row background to light gray using hex color
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#d3d3d3");

// Apply different colors for data categorization
workSheet["A2:A11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#E7F3FF"); // Light blue for January
workSheet["B2:B11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FFF2CC"); // Light yellow for February

// Highlight important cells with bold colors
workSheet["L12"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FF0000"); // Red for totals
workSheet["L12"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF"; // White text

// Create alternating row colors for better readability
for (int row = 2; row <= 11; row++)
{
    if (row % 2 == 0)
    {
        workSheet[$"A{row}:L{row}"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#F2F2F2");
    }
}
' Set header row background to light gray using hex color
workSheet("A1:L1").Style.SetBackgroundColor("#d3d3d3")

' Apply different colors for data categorization
workSheet("A2:A11").Style.SetBackgroundColor("#E7F3FF") ' Light blue for January
workSheet("B2:B11").Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FFF2CC") ' Light yellow for February

' Highlight important cells with bold colors
workSheet("L12").Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FF0000") ' Red for totals
workSheet("L12").Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF" ' White text

' Create alternating row colors for better readability
For row As Integer = 2 To 11
	If row Mod 2 = 0 Then
		workSheet($"A{row}:L{row}").Style.SetBackgroundColor("#F2F2F2")
	End If
Next row
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

Style.SetBackgroundColor方法接受十六进制颜色代码。 将背景颜色与字体颜色结合使用，打造专业美观的电子表格。

5.2. 如何在 Excel 中创建边框？

边界有助于定义数据区域并改善数据结构：

using IronXL;
using IronXL.Styles;

// Create header border - thick bottom line to separate from data
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;

// Add right border to last column
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Create bottom border for data area
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Apply complete border around summary section
var summaryRange = workSheet["A12:L12"];
summaryRange.Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.LeftBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.SetBorderColor("#0070C0"); // Blue borders
using IronXL;
using IronXL.Styles;

// Create header border - thick bottom line to separate from data
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;

// Add right border to last column
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Create bottom border for data area
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Apply complete border around summary section
var summaryRange = workSheet["A12:L12"];
summaryRange.Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.LeftBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.SetBorderColor("#0070C0"); // Blue borders
Imports IronXL
Imports IronXL.Styles

' Create header border - thick bottom line to separate from data
workSheet("A1:L1").Style.TopBorder.SetColor("#000000")
workSheet("A1:L1").Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick
workSheet("A1:L1").Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000")
workSheet("A1:L1").Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick

' Add right border to last column
workSheet("L2:L11").Style.RightBorder.SetColor("#000000")
workSheet("L2:L11").Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium

' Create bottom border for data area
workSheet("A11:L11").Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000")
workSheet("A11:L11").Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium

' Apply complete border around summary section
Dim summaryRange = workSheet("A12:L12")
summaryRange.Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Double
summaryRange.Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Double
summaryRange.Style.LeftBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin
summaryRange.Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin
summaryRange.Style.SetBorderColor("#0070C0") ' Blue borders
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

IronXL 支持多种边框类型，包括细边框、中等边框、粗边框、双边框、点状边框和虚线边框。 边框的每一边都可以独立设置样式。

6. 如何在 C# 中使用 Excel 公式？

IronXL 提供强大的公式支持和自动计算功能：

// Use built-in aggregation functions for ranges
decimal sum = workSheet["A2:A11"].Sum();
decimal avg = workSheet["B2:B11"].Avg();
decimal max = workSheet["C2:C11"].Max();
decimal min = workSheet["D2:D11"].Min();

// Assign calculated values to cells
workSheet["A12"].Value = sum;
workSheet["B12"].Value = avg;
workSheet["C12"].Value = max;
workSheet["D12"].Value = min;

// Or use Excel formulas directly
workSheet["A12"].Formula = "=SUM(A2:A11)";
workSheet["B12"].Formula = "=AVERAGE(B2:B11)";
workSheet["C12"].Formula = "=MAX(C2:C11)";
workSheet["D12"].Formula = "=MIN(D2:D11)";

// Complex formulas with multiple functions
workSheet["E12"].Formula = "=IF(SUM(E2:E11)>50000,\"Over Budget\",\"On Track\")";
workSheet["F12"].Formula = "=SUMIF(F2:F11,\">5000\")";

// Percentage calculations
workSheet["G12"].Formula = "=G11/SUM(G2:G11)*100";
workSheet["G12"].FormatString = "0.00%";

// Ensure all formulas calculate
workSheet.EvaluateAll();
// Use built-in aggregation functions for ranges
decimal sum = workSheet["A2:A11"].Sum();
decimal avg = workSheet["B2:B11"].Avg();
decimal max = workSheet["C2:C11"].Max();
decimal min = workSheet["D2:D11"].Min();

// Assign calculated values to cells
workSheet["A12"].Value = sum;
workSheet["B12"].Value = avg;
workSheet["C12"].Value = max;
workSheet["D12"].Value = min;

// Or use Excel formulas directly
workSheet["A12"].Formula = "=SUM(A2:A11)";
workSheet["B12"].Formula = "=AVERAGE(B2:B11)";
workSheet["C12"].Formula = "=MAX(C2:C11)";
workSheet["D12"].Formula = "=MIN(D2:D11)";

// Complex formulas with multiple functions
workSheet["E12"].Formula = "=IF(SUM(E2:E11)>50000,\"Over Budget\",\"On Track\")";
workSheet["F12"].Formula = "=SUMIF(F2:F11,\">5000\")";

// Percentage calculations
workSheet["G12"].Formula = "=G11/SUM(G2:G11)*100";
workSheet["G12"].FormatString = "0.00%";

// Ensure all formulas calculate
workSheet.EvaluateAll();
' Use built-in aggregation functions for ranges
Dim sum As Decimal = workSheet("A2:A11").Sum()
Dim avg As Decimal = workSheet("B2:B11").Avg()
Dim max As Decimal = workSheet("C2:C11").Max()
Dim min As Decimal = workSheet("D2:D11").Min()

' Assign calculated values to cells
workSheet("A12").Value = sum
workSheet("B12").Value = avg
workSheet("C12").Value = max
workSheet("D12").Value = min

' Or use Excel formulas directly
workSheet("A12").Formula = "=SUM(A2:A11)"
workSheet("B12").Formula = "=AVERAGE(B2:B11)"
workSheet("C12").Formula = "=MAX(C2:C11)"
workSheet("D12").Formula = "=MIN(D2:D11)"

' Complex formulas with multiple functions
workSheet("E12").Formula = "=IF(SUM(E2:E11)>50000,""Over Budget"",""On Track"")"
workSheet("F12").Formula = "=SUMIF(F2:F11,"">5000"")"

' Percentage calculations
workSheet("G12").Formula = "=G11/SUM(G2:G11)*100"
workSheet("G12").FormatString = "0.00%"

' Ensure all formulas calculate
workSheet.EvaluateAll()
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

Range类提供了诸如Sum() 、 Avg() 、 Max()和Min()之类的方法，用于快速计算。 对于更复杂的情况，可以使用Formula属性直接设置 Excel 公式。

7. 如何设置工作表和打印属性？

使用 IronXL 保护单个工作表、冻结行和列，以及设置打印格式选项。

7.1. 如何配置工作表属性？

保护工作表并控制查看选项：

// Protect worksheet with password to prevent unauthorized changes
workSheet.ProtectSheet("SecurePassword123");

// Freeze panes to keep headers visible while scrolling
workSheet.CreateFreezePane(0, 1); // Freeze first row
// workSheet.CreateFreezePane(1, 1); // Freeze first row and column

// Set worksheet visibility options
workSheet.ViewState = WorkSheetViewState.Visible; // or Hidden, VeryHidden

// Configure gridlines and headers
workSheet.ShowGridLines = true;
workSheet.ShowRowColHeaders = true;

// Set zoom level for better viewing
workSheet.Zoom = 85; // 85% zoom
// Protect worksheet with password to prevent unauthorized changes
workSheet.ProtectSheet("SecurePassword123");

// Freeze panes to keep headers visible while scrolling
workSheet.CreateFreezePane(0, 1); // Freeze first row
// workSheet.CreateFreezePane(1, 1); // Freeze first row and column

// Set worksheet visibility options
workSheet.ViewState = WorkSheetViewState.Visible; // or Hidden, VeryHidden

// Configure gridlines and headers
workSheet.ShowGridLines = true;
workSheet.ShowRowColHeaders = true;

// Set zoom level for better viewing
workSheet.Zoom = 85; // 85% zoom
' Protect worksheet with password to prevent unauthorized changes
workSheet.ProtectSheet("SecurePassword123")

' Freeze panes to keep headers visible while scrolling
workSheet.CreateFreezePane(0, 1) ' Freeze first row
' workSheet.CreateFreezePane(1, 1); // Freeze first row and column

' Set worksheet visibility options
workSheet.ViewState = WorkSheetViewState.Visible ' or Hidden, VeryHidden

' Configure gridlines and headers
workSheet.ShowGridLines = True
workSheet.ShowRowColHeaders = True

' Set zoom level for better viewing
workSheet.Zoom = 85 ' 85% zoom
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

工作表保护功能可防止意外修改，而冻结窗格功能可在滚动时保持重要行或列可见。

Excel 表格显示了包含月度预算数据的冻结标题行

图 7 –冻结的标题行在滚动时仍然可见

Excel 保护对话框要求输入密码才能修改受保护的工作表

图 8 –密码保护防止未经授权的编辑

7.2. 如何配置页面和打印设置？

通过 IronXL 设置专业打印选项：

using IronXL.Printing;

// Define print area to exclude empty cells
workSheet.SetPrintArea("A1:L12");

// Configure page orientation for wide data
workSheet.PrintSetup.PrintOrientation = PrintOrientation.Landscape;

// Set paper size for standard printing
workSheet.PrintSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;

// Adjust margins for better layout (in inches)
workSheet.PrintSetup.LeftMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.RightMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.TopMargin = 0.75;
workSheet.PrintSetup.BottomMargin = 0.75;

// Configure header and footer
workSheet.PrintSetup.HeaderMargin = 0.3;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FooterMargin = 0.3;

// Scale to fit on one page
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToPage = true;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToHeight = 1;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToWidth = 1;

// Add print headers/footers
workSheet.Header.Center = "Monthly Budget Report";
workSheet.Footer.Left = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
workSheet.Footer.Right = "Page &P of &N"; // Page numbering
using IronXL.Printing;

// Define print area to exclude empty cells
workSheet.SetPrintArea("A1:L12");

// Configure page orientation for wide data
workSheet.PrintSetup.PrintOrientation = PrintOrientation.Landscape;

// Set paper size for standard printing
workSheet.PrintSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;

// Adjust margins for better layout (in inches)
workSheet.PrintSetup.LeftMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.RightMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.TopMargin = 0.75;
workSheet.PrintSetup.BottomMargin = 0.75;

// Configure header and footer
workSheet.PrintSetup.HeaderMargin = 0.3;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FooterMargin = 0.3;

// Scale to fit on one page
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToPage = true;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToHeight = 1;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToWidth = 1;

// Add print headers/footers
workSheet.Header.Center = "Monthly Budget Report";
workSheet.Footer.Left = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
workSheet.Footer.Right = "Page &P of &N"; // Page numbering
Imports IronXL.Printing

' Define print area to exclude empty cells
workSheet.SetPrintArea("A1:L12")

' Configure page orientation for wide data
workSheet.PrintSetup.PrintOrientation = PrintOrientation.Landscape

' Set paper size for standard printing
workSheet.PrintSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4

' Adjust margins for better layout (in inches)
workSheet.PrintSetup.LeftMargin = 0.5
workSheet.PrintSetup.RightMargin = 0.5
workSheet.PrintSetup.TopMargin = 0.75
workSheet.PrintSetup.BottomMargin = 0.75

' Configure header and footer
workSheet.PrintSetup.HeaderMargin = 0.3
workSheet.PrintSetup.FooterMargin = 0.3

' Scale to fit on one page
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToPage = True
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToHeight = 1
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToWidth = 1

' Add print headers/footers
workSheet.Header.Center = "Monthly Budget Report"
workSheet.Footer.Left = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString()
workSheet.Footer.Right = "Page &P of &N" ' Page numbering
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

PrintSetup类提供与 Excel 打印设置相匹配的全面打印配置选项。

Excel 打印预览显示横向打印方向和 A4 纸张尺寸设置

图 9 –横向打印预览及自定义边距

8. 如何保存我的 Excel 工作簿？

将工作簿保存为多种格式：

// Save as XLSX (recommended for modern Excel)
workBook.SaveAs("Budget.xlsx");

// Save as XLS for legacy compatibility
workBook.SaveAs("Budget.xls");

// Save as CSV for data exchange
workBook.SaveAsCsv("Budget.csv");

// Save as JSON for web applications
workBook.SaveAsJson("Budget.json");

// Save to stream for web downloads or cloud storage
using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
{
    workBook.SaveAs(stream);
    byte[] excelData = stream.ToArray();
    // Send to client or save to cloud
}

// Save with specific encoding for international characters
workBook.SaveAsCsv("Budget_UTF8.csv", System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
// Save as XLSX (recommended for modern Excel)
workBook.SaveAs("Budget.xlsx");

// Save as XLS for legacy compatibility
workBook.SaveAs("Budget.xls");

// Save as CSV for data exchange
workBook.SaveAsCsv("Budget.csv");

// Save as JSON for web applications
workBook.SaveAsJson("Budget.json");

// Save to stream for web downloads or cloud storage
using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
{
    workBook.SaveAs(stream);
    byte[] excelData = stream.ToArray();
    // Send to client or save to cloud
}

// Save with specific encoding for international characters
workBook.SaveAsCsv("Budget_UTF8.csv", System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
' Save as XLSX (recommended for modern Excel)
workBook.SaveAs("Budget.xlsx")

' Save as XLS for legacy compatibility
workBook.SaveAs("Budget.xls")

' Save as CSV for data exchange
workBook.SaveAsCsv("Budget.csv")

' Save as JSON for web applications
workBook.SaveAsJson("Budget.json")

' Save to stream for web downloads or cloud storage
Using stream = New MemoryStream()
	workBook.SaveAs(stream)
	Dim excelData() As Byte = stream.ToArray()
	' Send to client or save to cloud
End Using

' Save with specific encoding for international characters
workBook.SaveAsCsv("Budget_UTF8.csv", System.Text.Encoding.UTF8)
$vbLabelText   $csharpLabel

IronXL 支持多种导出格式，包括 XLSX、XLS、CSV、TSV 和 JSON。 SaveAs方法会自动根据文件扩展名确定文件格式。

摘要

本教程演示了如何使用 IronXL 在 C# 中创建不依赖 Microsoft Office 的 Excel 文件。 您学习了Excel的基本操作，包括创建工作簿、单元格操作、格式设置、公式使用以及各种保存选项。 IronXL 直观的 API 使 .NET 开发人员能够轻松实现 Excel 自动化。

如需了解更多高级功能，请探索合并单元格和创建图表。 准备好在生产中使用 IronXL 了吗？ 开始免费试用或查看许可选项。

教程快速访问

Visual Studio 徽标

下载本教程的 C# 源代码

用于创建 Excel 文件的完整 C# 源代码以 Visual Studio 项目文件的形式提供。

下载

在 GitHub 上探索此教程

该项目的源代码可在 GitHub 上找到，提供 C# 和 VB.NET 两种版本。

使用此代码，您可以在几分钟内轻松创建 Excel 文件。该项目保存为 Microsoft Visual Studio 项目，但与任何 .NET IDE 都兼容。

在 GitHub 上使用 C# 创建 Excel 文件
GitHub 标志
API 文档图标

请阅读 IronXL API 参考文档

探索 IronXL 的 API 参考，其中详细介绍了所有功能、命名空间、类、方法和属性，以便在 .NET 中进行全面的 Excel 操作。

查看 API 参考

常见问题解答

如何在 C# 中不使用 Interop 创建 Excel 文件？

您可以通过使用 IronXL 创建不使用 Interop 的 Excel 文件，这提供了一个简单的 API：WorkBook workBook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX)。此方法在任何 .NET 平台上都适用，无需安装 Microsoft Office。

C# 支持哪些平台进行 Excel 文件创建？

IronXL支持在.NET 10、.NET 9、.NET 8、.NET Core、.NET Framework 4.6.2+上创建Excel文件，运行在Windows、macOS、Linux、Docker、Azure和AWS环境中。

如何为 Excel 生成安装 C# 库？

通过 Visual Studio 中的 NuGet 包管理器安装 IronXL，使用命令PM> Install-Package IronXL.Excel，或直接从 nuget.org 下载。

如何以编程方式创建新的 Excel 工作簿？

使用 IronXL 创建工作簿：WorkBook workbook = WorkBook.Create(ExcelFileFormat.XLSX)，然后使用workbook.CreateWorkSheet("SheetName")添加工作表。

如何使用 C# 在 Excel 工作表中设置单元格值？

使用 IronXL 的直观语法设置单元格值：worksheet["A1"].Value = "Hello World"或设置范围：worksheet["A1:A10"].Value = 100。

可以以编程方式为 Excel 单元格应用格式吗？

可以，IronXL 支持综合格式设置，包括背景颜色(cell.Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FF0000"))，边框，字体和数字格式。

如何在 C# 中使用 Excel 公式？

使用 IronXL 的 Formula 属性应用公式：worksheet["A1"].Formula = "=SUM(B1:B10)"，或使用内置方法如range.Sum()，range.Avg()。

我如何用密码保护 Excel 工作表？

使用 worksheet.ProtectSheet("YourPassword") 在 IronXL 中保护工作表，以防止未经授权的修改。

如何配置 Excel 文件的打印设置？

使用 IronXL 的 PrintSetup 设置打印属性：worksheet.PrintSetup.PrintOrientation = PrintOrientation.Landscape 和worksheet.SetPrintArea("A1:Z100")。

如何以不同格式保存 Excel 工作簿？

使用 IronXL 的 SaveAs 方法保存工作簿：workbook.SaveAs("file.xlsx")用于 XLSX，或使用SaveAsCsv()，SaveAsJson()用于其他格式。

如何用数据库数据填充 Excel 表？

使用 IronXL 填充工作表，通过从数据库获取数据并使用worksheet["A1"].Value = dataFromDatabase方法设置在单元格中。

如何在 C# 中在 Excel 表中实现冻结窗格功能？

通过 IronXL 使用worksheet.FreezePanes(1, 1)冻结窗格，以锁定顶行和最左列，方便导航。

Jacob Mellor，Team Iron 的首席技术官
Jacob Mellor
  立即与工程团队聊天
首席技术官

Jacob Mellor 是 Iron Software 的首席技术官，是 C# PDF 技术的先锋工程师。作为 Iron Software 核心代码库的原始开发者，自公司成立以来，他就塑造了公司的产品架构，并与首席执行官 Cameron Rimington 一起将其转变成一家公司，拥有50多人，服务于 NASA、特斯拉和全球政府机构。

Jacob 拥有曼彻斯特大学 (1998-2001) 的一级荣誉土木工程学士学位。1999 年在伦敦创办了自己的第一家软件公司，并于 2005 年创建了他的第一个 .NET 组件后，他专注于解决微软生态系统中的复杂问题。

他的旗舰 IronPDF 和 Iron Suite .NET 库在全球已获得超过 3000 万次的 NuGet 安装，其基础代码继续为全球使用的开发者工具提供支持。拥有 25 年商业经验和 41 年编程经验的 Jacob 仍专注于推动企业级 C#、Java 和 Python PDF 技术的创新，同时指导下一代技术领导者。

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