How to Create an Excel File in C# (.NET Tutorial)

如何向我的工作簿中添加工作表？

添加工作表很简单：

// Create a worksheet with custom name for budget tracking
WorkSheet budgetSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("2020 Budget");

// Add multiple worksheets for different purposes
WorkSheet salesSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Sales Data");
WorkSheet inventorySheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Inventory");

// Access existing worksheet by name
WorkSheet existingSheet = workbook.GetWorkSheet("2020 Budget");

// Create a worksheet with custom name for budget tracking
WorkSheet budgetSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("2020 Budget");

// Add multiple worksheets for different purposes
WorkSheet salesSheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Sales Data");
WorkSheet inventorySheet = workbook.CreateWorkSheet("Inventory");

// Access existing worksheet by name
WorkSheet existingSheet = workbook.GetWorkSheet("2020 Budget");

一本练习册包含一张或多张练习题。 每个工作表都由行和列组成，单元格位于行和列的交叉点。 使用CreateWorkSheet 方法向工作簿添加新工作表。

• CreateWorkSheet("name") ：添加一个具有指定选项卡名称的新工作表
• GetWorkSheet("name") ：按名称检索现有工作表 工作簿中的工作表名称必须唯一。

如何手动设置单元格值？

设置单个单元格值时，可以使用类似 Excel 的直观语法：

// Set month names in first row for annual budget spreadsheet
workSheet["A1"].Value = "January";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "February";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "March";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "April";
workSheet["E1"].Value = "May";
workSheet["F1"].Value = "June";
workSheet["G1"].Value = "July";
workSheet["H1"].Value = "August";
workSheet["I1"].Value = "September";
workSheet["J1"].Value = "October";
workSheet["K1"].Value = "November";
workSheet["L1"].Value = "December";

// Set different data types - IronXL handles conversion automatically
workSheet["A2"].Value = 1500.50m;  // Decimal for currency
workSheet["A3"].Value = DateTime.Now;  // Date values
workSheet["A4"].Value = true;  // Boolean values

// Set month names in first row for annual budget spreadsheet
workSheet["A1"].Value = "January";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "February";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "March";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "April";
workSheet["E1"].Value = "May";
workSheet["F1"].Value = "June";
workSheet["G1"].Value = "July";
workSheet["H1"].Value = "August";
workSheet["I1"].Value = "September";
workSheet["J1"].Value = "October";
workSheet["K1"].Value = "November";
workSheet["L1"].Value = "December";

// Set different data types - IronXL handles conversion automatically
workSheet["A2"].Value = 1500.50m;  // Decimal for currency
workSheet["A3"].Value = DateTime.Now;  // Date values
workSheet["A4"].Value = true;  // Boolean values

Cell.Value 属性接受各种数据类型，包括字符串、数字、日期和布尔值。 IronXL会根据数据类型自动格式化单元格。

如何动态设置单元格值？

动态值设置非常适合数据驱动型应用：

// Initialize random number generator for sample data
Random r = new Random();

// Populate cells with random budget data for each month
for (int i = 2; i <= 11; i++)
{
    // Set different budget categories with increasing ranges
    workSheet[$"A{i}"].Value = r.Next(1, 1000);     // Office Supplies
    workSheet[$"B{i}"].Value = r.Next(1000, 2000);  // Utilities
    workSheet[$"C{i}"].Value = r.Next(2000, 3000);  // Rent
    workSheet[$"D{i}"].Value = r.Next(3000, 4000);  // Salaries
    workSheet[$"E{i}"].Value = r.Next(4000, 5000);  // Marketing
    workSheet[$"F{i}"].Value = r.Next(5000, 6000);  // IT Services
    workSheet[$"G{i}"].Value = r.Next(6000, 7000);  // Travel
    workSheet[$"H{i}"].Value = r.Next(7000, 8000);  // Training
    workSheet[$"I{i}"].Value = r.Next(8000, 9000);  // Insurance
    workSheet[$"J{i}"].Value = r.Next(9000, 10000); // Equipment
    workSheet[$"K{i}"].Value = r.Next(10000, 11000); // Research
    workSheet[$"L{i}"].Value = r.Next(11000, 12000); // Misc
}

// Alternative: Set range of cells with same value
workSheet["A13:L13"].Value = 0; // Initialize totals row

// Initialize random number generator for sample data
Random r = new Random();

// Populate cells with random budget data for each month
for (int i = 2; i <= 11; i++)
{
    // Set different budget categories with increasing ranges
    workSheet[$"A{i}"].Value = r.Next(1, 1000);     // Office Supplies
    workSheet[$"B{i}"].Value = r.Next(1000, 2000);  // Utilities
    workSheet[$"C{i}"].Value = r.Next(2000, 3000);  // Rent
    workSheet[$"D{i}"].Value = r.Next(3000, 4000);  // Salaries
    workSheet[$"E{i}"].Value = r.Next(4000, 5000);  // Marketing
    workSheet[$"F{i}"].Value = r.Next(5000, 6000);  // IT Services
    workSheet[$"G{i}"].Value = r.Next(6000, 7000);  // Travel
    workSheet[$"H{i}"].Value = r.Next(7000, 8000);  // Training
    workSheet[$"I{i}"].Value = r.Next(8000, 9000);  // Insurance
    workSheet[$"J{i}"].Value = r.Next(9000, 10000); // Equipment
    workSheet[$"K{i}"].Value = r.Next(10000, 11000); // Research
    workSheet[$"L{i}"].Value = r.Next(11000, 12000); // Misc
}

// Alternative: Set range of cells with same value
workSheet["A13:L13"].Value = 0; // Initialize totals row

字符串插值($"A{i}")使动态引用单元格变得容易。 Range 索引器支持单个单元格和范围。

如何从数据库中导入数据到Excel？

将数据库中的数据导入Excel是一项常见需求：

using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using IronXL;

// Database connection setup for retrieving sales data
string connectionString = @"Data Source=ServerName;Initial Catalog=SalesDB;Integrated Security=true";
string query = "SELECT ProductName, Quantity, UnitPrice, TotalSales FROM MonthlySales";

// Create DataSet to hold query results
DataSet salesData = new DataSet();

using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
using (SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(query, connection))
{
    // Fill DataSet with sales information
    adapter.Fill(salesData);
}

// Write headers for database columns
workSheet["A1"].Value = "Product Name";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "Quantity";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "Unit Price";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "Total Sales";

// Apply header formatting
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.Bold = true;
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#4472C4");
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF";

// Populate Excel with database records
DataTable salesTable = salesData.Tables[0];
for (int row = 0; row < salesTable.Rows.Count; row++)
{
    int excelRow = row + 2; // Start from row 2 (after headers)

    workSheet[$"A{excelRow}"].Value = salesTable.Rows[row]["ProductName"].ToString();
    workSheet[$"B{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToInt32(salesTable.Rows[row]["Quantity"]);
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["UnitPrice"]);
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["TotalSales"]);

    // Format currency columns
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
}

// Add summary row with formulas
int summaryRow = salesTable.Rows.Count + 2;
workSheet[$"A{summaryRow}"].Value = "TOTAL";
workSheet[$"B{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(B2:B{summaryRow-1})";
workSheet[$"D{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(D2:D{summaryRow-1})";

using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using IronXL;

// Database connection setup for retrieving sales data
string connectionString = @"Data Source=ServerName;Initial Catalog=SalesDB;Integrated Security=true";
string query = "SELECT ProductName, Quantity, UnitPrice, TotalSales FROM MonthlySales";

// Create DataSet to hold query results
DataSet salesData = new DataSet();

using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
using (SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(query, connection))
{
    // Fill DataSet with sales information
    adapter.Fill(salesData);
}

// Write headers for database columns
workSheet["A1"].Value = "Product Name";
workSheet["B1"].Value = "Quantity";
workSheet["C1"].Value = "Unit Price";
workSheet["D1"].Value = "Total Sales";

// Apply header formatting
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.Bold = true;
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#4472C4");
workSheet["A1:D1"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF";

// Populate Excel with database records
DataTable salesTable = salesData.Tables[0];
for (int row = 0; row < salesTable.Rows.Count; row++)
{
    int excelRow = row + 2; // Start from row 2 (after headers)

    workSheet[$"A{excelRow}"].Value = salesTable.Rows[row]["ProductName"].ToString();
    workSheet[$"B{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToInt32(salesTable.Rows[row]["Quantity"]);
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["UnitPrice"]);
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].Value = Convert.ToDecimal(salesTable.Rows[row]["TotalSales"]);

    // Format currency columns
    workSheet[$"C{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
    workSheet[$"D{excelRow}"].FormatString = "$#,##0.00";
}

// Add summary row with formulas
int summaryRow = salesTable.Rows.Count + 2;
workSheet[$"A{summaryRow}"].Value = "TOTAL";
workSheet[$"B{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(B2:B{summaryRow-1})";
workSheet[$"D{summaryRow}"].Formula = $"=SUM(D2:D{summaryRow-1})";

本示例演示如何从数据库读取 Excel 数据、应用格式以及使用公式进行计算。 FormatString 属性可以像在 Excel 中一样自定义数字格式。

如何在Excel中设置背景颜色？

单元格样式可以增强可读性和视觉吸引力：

// Set header row background to light gray using hex color
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#d3d3d3");

// Apply different colors for data categorization
workSheet["A2:A11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#E7F3FF"); // Light blue for January
workSheet["B2:B11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FFF2CC"); // Light yellow for February

// Highlight important cells with bold colors
workSheet["L12"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FF0000"); // Red for totals
workSheet["L12"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF"; // White text

// Create alternating row colors for better readability
for (int row = 2; row <= 11; row++)
{
    if (row % 2 == 0)
    {
        workSheet[$"A{row}:L{row}"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#F2F2F2");
    }
}

// Set header row background to light gray using hex color
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#d3d3d3");

// Apply different colors for data categorization
workSheet["A2:A11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#E7F3FF"); // Light blue for January
workSheet["B2:B11"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FFF2CC"); // Light yellow for February

// Highlight important cells with bold colors
workSheet["L12"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#FF0000"); // Red for totals
workSheet["L12"].Style.Font.FontColor = "#FFFFFF"; // White text

// Create alternating row colors for better readability
for (int row = 2; row <= 11; row++)
{
    if (row % 2 == 0)
    {
        workSheet[$"A{row}:L{row}"].Style.SetBackgroundColor("#F2F2F2");
    }
}

Style.SetBackgroundColor 方法接受十六进制颜色代码。 将背景颜色与字体颜色结合使用，打造专业美观的电子表格。

如何在Excel中创建边框？

边界有助于定义数据区域并改善数据结构：

using IronXL;
using IronXl.Styles;

// Create header border - thick bottom line to separate from data
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;

// Add right border to last column
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Create bottom border for data area
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Apply complete border around summary section
var summaryRange = workSheet["A12:L12"];
summaryRange.Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.LeftBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.SetBorderColor("#0070C0"); // Blue borders

using IronXL;
using IronXl.Styles;

// Create header border - thick bottom line to separate from data
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A1:L1"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Thick;

// Add right border to last column
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["L2:L11"].Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Create bottom border for data area
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.SetColor("#000000");
workSheet["A11:L11"].Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Medium;

// Apply complete border around summary section
var summaryRange = workSheet["A12:L12"];
summaryRange.Style.TopBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.BottomBorder.Type = BorderType.Double;
summaryRange.Style.LeftBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.RightBorder.Type = BorderType.Thin;
summaryRange.Style.SetBorderColor("#0070C0"); // Blue borders

IronXL 支持多种边框类型，包括细边框、中等边框、粗边框、双边框、点状边框和虚线边框。 边框的每一边都可以独立设置样式。

如何配置工作表属性？

保护工作表并控制查看选项：

// Protect worksheet with password to prevent unauthorized changes
workSheet.ProtectSheet("SecurePassword123");

// Freeze panes to keep headers visible while scrolling
workSheet.CreateFreezePane(0, 1); // Freeze first row
// workSheet.CreateFreezePane(1, 1); // Freeze first row and column

// Set worksheet visibility options
workSheet.ViewState = WorkSheetViewState.Visible; // or Hidden, VeryHidden

// Configure gridlines and headers
workSheet.ShowGridLines = true;
workSheet.ShowRowColHeaders = true;

// Set zoom level for better viewing
workSheet.Zoom = 85; // 85% zoom

// Protect worksheet with password to prevent unauthorized changes
workSheet.ProtectSheet("SecurePassword123");

// Freeze panes to keep headers visible while scrolling
workSheet.CreateFreezePane(0, 1); // Freeze first row
// workSheet.CreateFreezePane(1, 1); // Freeze first row and column

// Set worksheet visibility options
workSheet.ViewState = WorkSheetViewState.Visible; // or Hidden, VeryHidden

// Configure gridlines and headers
workSheet.ShowGridLines = true;
workSheet.ShowRowColHeaders = true;

// Set zoom level for better viewing
workSheet.Zoom = 85; // 85% zoom

工作表保护功能可防止意外修改，而冻结窗格功能可在滚动时保持重要行或列可见。

**图 7** –*冻结的标题行在滚动时仍然可见*

**图 8** –*密码保护防止未经授权的编辑*

如何配置页面和打印设置？

通过 IronXL 设置专业打印选项：

using IronXl.Printing;

// Define print area to exclude empty cells
workSheet.SetPrintArea("A1:L12");

// Configure page orientation for wide data
workSheet.PrintSetup.PrintOrientation = PrintOrientation.Landscape;

// Set paper size for standard printing
workSheet.PrintSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;

// Adjust margins for better layout (in inches)
workSheet.PrintSetup.LeftMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.RightMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.TopMargin = 0.75;
workSheet.PrintSetup.BottomMargin = 0.75;

// Configure header and footer
workSheet.PrintSetup.HeaderMargin = 0.3;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FooterMargin = 0.3;

// Scale to fit on one page
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToPage = true;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToHeight = 1;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToWidth = 1;

// Add print headers/footers
workSheet.Header.Center = "Monthly Budget Report";
workSheet.Footer.Left = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
workSheet.Footer.Right = "Page &P of &N"; // Page numbering

using IronXl.Printing;

// Define print area to exclude empty cells
workSheet.SetPrintArea("A1:L12");

// Configure page orientation for wide data
workSheet.PrintSetup.PrintOrientation = PrintOrientation.Landscape;

// Set paper size for standard printing
workSheet.PrintSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;

// Adjust margins for better layout (in inches)
workSheet.PrintSetup.LeftMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.RightMargin = 0.5;
workSheet.PrintSetup.TopMargin = 0.75;
workSheet.PrintSetup.BottomMargin = 0.75;

// Configure header and footer
workSheet.PrintSetup.HeaderMargin = 0.3;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FooterMargin = 0.3;

// Scale to fit on one page
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToPage = true;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToHeight = 1;
workSheet.PrintSetup.FitToWidth = 1;

// Add print headers/footers
workSheet.Header.Center = "Monthly Budget Report";
workSheet.Footer.Left = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString();
workSheet.Footer.Right = "Page &P of &N"; // Page numbering

PrintSetup 类提供与 Excel 打印设置相匹配的全面打印配置选项。

**图 9** –*横向打印预览及自定义边距*

既然您现在可以用 C# 创建 Excel 文件，不妨探索一下 IronXL 的这些相关功能：

-读取和编辑现有 Excel 文件 -在 Excel 中合并单元格 -使用 C# 创建 Excel 图表 -电子表格格式之间的转换 IronXL API 参考

教程快速访问

### 下载本教程的 C# 源代码

用于创建 Excel 文件的完整 C# 源代码以 Visual Studio 项目文件的形式提供。

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### 在 GitHub 上探索此教程

该项目的源代码可在 GitHub 上找到，提供 C# 和 VB.NET 两种版本。

使用此代码，您可以在几分钟内轻松创建 Excel 文件。该项目保存为 Microsoft Visual Studio 项目，但与任何 .NET IDE 都兼容。

在 GitHub 上使用 C# 创建 Excel 文件

### 请阅读 IronXL API 参考文档

探索 IronXL 的 API 参考，其中详细介绍了所有功能、命名空间、类、方法和属性，以便在 .NET 中进行全面的 Excel 操作。

查看 API 参考