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In a fast-moving environment of software development and deployment, one would consider security at the top of their priority list. Docker is a containerization platform popular because of the benefits it brings to an application regarding consistency, scalability, and isolation. As usual, though, any technology can turn out vulnerable in case improper practices are followed in its operation. One of the most important aspects when it comes to Docker Security is keeping a clean and full-of-trust Docker image. Here is where Docker Signer Add steps in. The following article will look into what Docker Signer is, why it is important, and how to effectively implement it in your development pipeline.
Docker Signer is a utility designed to enhance the security of Docker images through the use of digital signatures. The signature is used to provide authentication and validation of integrity for Docker images, thereby ensuring that no tampering or alteration of any kind has taken place.
In the case of digital signatures, they are usable after generating a cryptographic signature of the docker image to prove that no image modifications have been performed since the image was signed. Plugging Docker Signer into your CI/CD pipeline means you're applying a strong security model in which you only deploy trusted images.
Integrity Verification: A Docker image is essentially just a tarball of files and metadata. There's no guarantee, otherwise, that the thing you're deploying is what you intend. Docker Signer provides the means to assure integrity, checking the images haven't changed or are corrupted.
Authentication: Digital signatures ensure the Docker image source. It means you have an assurance that it came from someone you trust and nothing changed in transit.
Compliance and Auditing: Many industries and enterprises have tough compliance requirements concerning security and auditing. The Docker signer aids in compliance through a very clear trail of image authenticity and integrity.
Docker Signer uses some cryptography techniques to generate and verify signatures. The steps are as follows:
Generate Signature: Cryptographically generates a digital signature for the container in building a Docker container with a previously used root key and created private key as part of a public-private key pair.
Signature Verification: Docker Signer checks an image's signature on the corresponding public key with the ID of some deployed or pulled private key for which a corresponding private key had been used in signing its Docker image.
To implement Docker Signer effectively, follow these steps:
Docker Content Trust is off by default. You can turn it on by setting an environment variable DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST
to 1.
export DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST=1
export DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST=1
Before you can actually sign an image, you have to initialize a Notary server repository. Delegation Keys and signatures for your images will be stored within it.
docker trust key generate <name>
docker trust key generate <name>
The command generates a new key pair and saves the private key locally.
Use docker trust key load
to load an existing private key into Docker's Trust Management system. The command is used for importing a new repository key, which a user has generated or otherwise received from another source so it can be used in signing Docker images under Docker Content Trust.
docker trust key load --name <name> <path-to-public/private-key>
docker trust key load --name <name> <path-to-public/private-key>
The image below shows the corresponding public key file.
One can sign an image simply by pushing it to a Docker registry. Enable Docker Content Trust; the push will sign the image.
docker push <your-registry>/<your-image>:<tag>
docker push <your-registry>/<your-image>:<tag>
If Docker Content Trust is enabled, Docker will sign the image using your private key, and the signature will also go out with that.
To validate a signed image, use the following command:
docker trust inspect --pretty <your-registry>/<your-image>:<tag>
docker trust inspect --pretty <your-registry>/<your-image>:<tag>
This command outputs the signing keys and the signatures associated with the image.
The signing keys can be managed using the docker trust signers
and docker trust signer
commands.
To add a signer:
docker trust signer add --key <path-to-key> <signer-name> <your-registry>/<your-image>
docker trust signer add --key <path-to-key> <signer-name> <your-registry>/<your-image>
The image below shows adding the repository key with ID into the console, and then the certificate will be added to the Docker repository showing a successfully added signer message.
If using a custom CA, ensure Docker trusts this CA. This typically involves placing the CA certificate in Docker’s trusted certificates.
Paste your CA certificate in the /etc/docker/certs.d/<your-registry>/ca.crt
file on the Docker host.
To protect the Docker daemon with TLS, generate server and client certificates and configure Docker to use them.
Generate Certificates
Use OpenSSL to create the necessary certificates:
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ca-key.pem 4096
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca-key.pem -sha256 -out ca.pem
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ca-key.pem 4096
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca-key.pem -sha256 -out ca.pem
Generate server and client keys and certificates:
openssl genrsa -out server-key.pem 4096
openssl req -subj "/CN=your-server" -sha256 -new -key server-key.pem -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha256 -in server.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial -out server-cert.pem
openssl genrsa -out server-key.pem 4096
openssl req -subj "/CN=your-server" -sha256 -new -key server-key.pem -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -sha256 -in server.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial -out server-cert.pem
Finally, configure Docker to use these certificates by placing them in the correct directories and adjusting the Docker daemon configuration.
Modify the Docker daemon’s configuration to use the generated certificates:
{
"tls": true,
"tlsverify": true,
"tlscacert": "/etc/docker/ca.pem",
"tlscert": "/etc/docker/server-cert.pem",
"tlskey": "/etc/docker/server-key.pem",
"hosts": ["tcp://0.0.0.0:2376", "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"]
}
Restart the Docker daemon to apply the changes.
IronSecureDoc is an enterprise-level document security solution that protects confidential documents from unauthorized access and data leakage. It includes powerful industry-grade encryption at rest and in transit, providing assurance that your documents are stored and transferred safely. It incorporates detailed access controls to control user permission levels for document viewing and editing. Additionally, it provides advanced data manipulation tools to obscure critical information before sharing.
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Signing Docker images within the IronSecureDoc framework inherits all Docker image signing security capabilities and augments them with IronSecureDoc's specialized functionalities. Benefits include:
More Confident Image Integrity: Ensures integrity from 'Build' to 'Run'. Signed images can't be altered without authorization.
Integrated Security Management: Completely manages and secures documents and images, centralizing consistent enforcement of security policies.
CI/CD Secure Pipelines: Ensures Docker images are verified before deployment, enhancing supply chain security.
Integrate Docker image signing with IronSecureDoc for high security, compliance, and operational efficiency in your containerized applications. This ensures Docker images aren't tampered with, meet regulatory standards, and maintain a verifiable trust chain throughout your software supply chain. Bring Docker signing under the IronSecureDoc framework for unified, automated digital asset security, simplifying compliance and fostering stakeholder trust by protecting your brand and deployments across environments.
IronSecureDoc offers a free-trial. For enterprise licensing, visit the license page. IronSecureDoc provides comprehensive documentation to help get started. Iron Software offers other products like IronPDF, IronXL, IronOCR, and more for solutions related to PDF conversion, Excel tasks, OCR processing, etc. Learn more on our website.
Docker Signer is a utility designed to enhance the security of Docker images through the use of digital signatures. It provides authentication and validation of integrity for Docker images, ensuring that no tampering or alteration has taken place.
Docker Signer is important for integrity verification, authentication, compliance and auditing, and trust management. It ensures that Docker images are not altered, confirms the image source, aids in compliance, and manages trust in multi-team environments.
Docker Signer works by using cryptographic techniques to generate and verify digital signatures for Docker images. It involves generating a digital signature during image building and verifying it to ensure the image has not been tampered with.
To set up Docker Signer, enable Docker Content Trust, initialize a Notary repository, load created keys, sign the Docker image by pushing it to a registry, and verify the signed image using Docker trust commands.
IronSecureDoc is an enterprise-level document security solution that protects confidential documents from unauthorized access and data leakage. It includes encryption, access controls, real-time tracking, and integrates with Document Management Systems.
Integrating Docker Signer with a document security solution like IronSecureDoc ensures Docker image integrity and compliance, integrates security management, and secures CI/CD pipelines, reducing supply chain risks and ensuring only trusted images are used.
You can enable Docker Content Trust by setting the environment variable DOCKER_CONTENT_TRUST to 1.
Using a custom Certificate Authority (CA) ensures Docker trusts the CA, which involves placing the CA certificate in Docker’s trusted certificates and provides secure communication for Docker images.
Signing keys in Docker can be managed using the 'docker trust signers' and 'docker trust signer' commands to add or manage signers and keys.
Docker Signer aids in regulatory compliance by providing a clear trail of image authenticity and integrity, which aligns with industry standards and auditing requirements.