如何使用 python 将 Excel 文件导入数据库表

Step 1: Install IronXL Library

The very first step is to install the IronXL library. Run the following command to install IronXL in the command prompt.

pip install IronXL

pip install IronXL

Step 2: Load Excel Workbook

The next step is to load the Excel file. We will be using the following Excel file for this tutorial.

The following code will load the existing Excel file in memory.

from ironxl import *  # Supported for XLSX, XLS, XLSM, XLTX, CSV, and TSV

# Assign a license key (retrieved from IronXL website)
License.LicenseKey = "IRONSUITE.ABC.XYZ.COM.15796-DEPLOYMENT.TRIAL-5X63V4.TRIAL.EXPIRES.27.MAY.2024"

# Load the Excel workbook into memory
workbook = WorkBook.Load("sample_excel.xlsx")

from ironxl import *  # Supported for XLSX, XLS, XLSM, XLTX, CSV, and TSV

# Assign a license key (retrieved from IronXL website)
License.LicenseKey = "IRONSUITE.ABC.XYZ.COM.15796-DEPLOYMENT.TRIAL-5X63V4.TRIAL.EXPIRES.27.MAY.2024"

# Load the Excel workbook into memory
workbook = WorkBook.Load("sample_excel.xlsx")

The above Python code snippet demonstrates loading an Excel workbook named "sample_excel.xlsx" using the IronXL library. Firstly, the necessary Python module is imported from IronXL. Then, a license key is assigned to validate the library usage. You can get your free license key from the IronXL Website. Finally, the Load method is employed to open and load the specified Excel workbook into memory. This enables subsequent manipulation of its contents programmatically, such as reading data, modifying cell values, or applying formatting.

Step 3: Selecting Worksheet

To select a worksheet in an Excel workbook using IronXL, you can specify the worksheet index or name.

# Select the first worksheet in the loaded Excel workbook
worksheet = workbook.WorkSheets[0]

# Select the first worksheet in the loaded Excel workbook
worksheet = workbook.WorkSheets[0]

This line selects the first worksheet in the loaded Excel workbook and assigns it to the variable worksheet, allowing subsequent operations to be performed on that specific worksheet within the workbook. This will load Excel data from an Excel sheet to a worksheet variable.

Step 4: Open the Database connection

In this tutorial, we're utilizing an SQLite database instead of a MySQL database server. To initiate database operations, we start by establishing a connection to the database.

import sqlite3

# Connect to SQLite database (or create it if it doesn't exist)
conn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')

import sqlite3

# Connect to SQLite database (or create it if it doesn't exist)
conn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')

The above line establishes a connection to an SQLite database named 'data.db'. If the specified database doesn't exist, it will be created automatically. This connection enables subsequent interaction with the SQLite database, such as executing queries and performing data manipulation operations.

Step 5: Create a table

The next step is to create a database table in the database, where we will import data from an Excel file. To create a table in the SQLite database, you can execute an SQL statement using the connection object.

# Create a cursor object for database operations
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Define and execute SQL to create a table if it doesn't exist
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customer (
    id INTEGER,
    FirstName TEXT,
    LastName TEXT,
    Gender TEXT,
    Country TEXT,
    Age INTEGER
)
''')

# Create a cursor object for database operations
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Define and execute SQL to create a table if it doesn't exist
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customer (
    id INTEGER,
    FirstName TEXT,
    LastName TEXT,
    Gender TEXT,
    Country TEXT,
    Age INTEGER
)
''')

The above code snippet initializes a cursor object to execute SQL commands within the SQLite database connection. It creates a table named 'customer' with columns 'id', 'FirstName', 'LastName', 'Gender', 'Country', and 'Age'. The table is created if it doesn't already exist, adhering to the specified column data types.

Step 6: Importing data into the Database using Python

Now, we will insert data into our newly created table. We will import an Excel file and insert its data into the SQLite database.

# Iteratively insert data from Excel worksheet into SQLite database
for i in range(2, 11):
    # Extracting values from columns A to F in Excel worksheet
    values_tuple = (
        worksheet[f"A{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"B{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"C{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"D{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"E{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"F{i}"].StringValue
    )
    # Executing SQL INSERT command
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO customer VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", values_tuple)

# Commit data insertion to the database
conn.commit()

# Iteratively insert data from Excel worksheet into SQLite database
for i in range(2, 11):
    # Extracting values from columns A to F in Excel worksheet
    values_tuple = (
        worksheet[f"A{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"B{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"C{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"D{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"E{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"F{i}"].StringValue
    )
    # Executing SQL INSERT command
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO customer VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", values_tuple)

# Commit data insertion to the database
conn.commit()

The above code iterates over rows 2 to 10 in the Excel worksheet, extracting values from columns A to F for each row. These values are stored in a tuple, representing the data to be inserted into the 'customer' table. The cursor then executes an SQL INSERT command, incorporating the values tuple into the table. This process repeats for each row, effectively importing data from the Excel file into the SQLite database. Finally, conn.commit() commits the transaction, ensuring the changes are saved and persisted in the database.

Step 7: Reading data from the Database

To verify if the data was inserted correctly, you can read data from the 'customer' table in the SQLite database using a SELECT query. For example:

# Execute a SELECT query to retrieve all data from the 'customer' table
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customer")

# Fetch all rows from the result set
rows = cursor.fetchall()

# Print each row to verify inserted data
for row in rows:
    print(row)

# Close the database connection to release resources
conn.close()

# Execute a SELECT query to retrieve all data from the 'customer' table
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customer")

# Fetch all rows from the result set
rows = cursor.fetchall()

# Print each row to verify inserted data
for row in rows:
    print(row)

# Close the database connection to release resources
conn.close()

The above code executes a SELECT query on the 'customer' table in the SQLite database, retrieving all rows. The fetched rows are stored in the 'rows' variable using the fetchall() method. Then, each row is printed iteratively, displaying the data inserted into the 'customer' table. Finally, the database connection is closed using the close() method to release resources.

The Complete Code is as follows:

import sqlite3
from ironxl import *  # Supported for XLSX, XLS, XLSM, XLTX, CSV, and TSV

# Assign a license key (retrieved from IronXL website)
License.LicenseKey = "IRONSUITE.ABC.XYZ.COM.15796-DEPLOYMENT.TRIAL-5X63V4.TRIAL.EXPIRES.27.MAY.2024"

# Load the Excel workbook into memory
workbook = WorkBook.Load("sample_excel.xlsx")

# Select worksheet at index 0
worksheet = workbook.WorkSheets[0]

# Connect to SQLite database (or create it if it doesn't exist)
conn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')

# Create a cursor object for database operations
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Define and execute SQL to create a table if it doesn't exist
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customer (
    id INTEGER,
    FirstName TEXT,
    LastName TEXT,
    Gender TEXT,
    Country TEXT,
    Age INTEGER
)
''')

# Clear any existing data from the table
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM customer")

# Iteratively insert data from Excel worksheet into SQLite database
for i in range(2, 11):
    # Extracting values from columns A to F in Excel worksheet
    values_tuple = (
        worksheet[f"A{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"B{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"C{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"D{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"E{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"F{i}"].StringValue
    )
    # Executing SQL INSERT command
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO customer VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", values_tuple)

# Commit data insertion to the database
conn.commit()

# Execute a SELECT query to retrieve all data from the 'customer' table
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customer")

# Fetch all rows from the result set
rows = cursor.fetchall()

# Print each row to verify inserted data
for row in rows:
    print(row)

# Close the database connection to release resources
conn.close()

import sqlite3
from ironxl import *  # Supported for XLSX, XLS, XLSM, XLTX, CSV, and TSV

# Assign a license key (retrieved from IronXL website)
License.LicenseKey = "IRONSUITE.ABC.XYZ.COM.15796-DEPLOYMENT.TRIAL-5X63V4.TRIAL.EXPIRES.27.MAY.2024"

# Load the Excel workbook into memory
workbook = WorkBook.Load("sample_excel.xlsx")

# Select worksheet at index 0
worksheet = workbook.WorkSheets[0]

# Connect to SQLite database (or create it if it doesn't exist)
conn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')

# Create a cursor object for database operations
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Define and execute SQL to create a table if it doesn't exist
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customer (
    id INTEGER,
    FirstName TEXT,
    LastName TEXT,
    Gender TEXT,
    Country TEXT,
    Age INTEGER
)
''')

# Clear any existing data from the table
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM customer")

# Iteratively insert data from Excel worksheet into SQLite database
for i in range(2, 11):
    # Extracting values from columns A to F in Excel worksheet
    values_tuple = (
        worksheet[f"A{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"B{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"C{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"D{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"E{i}"].StringValue,
        worksheet[f"F{i}"].StringValue
    )
    # Executing SQL INSERT command
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO customer VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", values_tuple)

# Commit data insertion to the database
conn.commit()

# Execute a SELECT query to retrieve all data from the 'customer' table
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customer")

# Fetch all rows from the result set
rows = cursor.fetchall()

# Print each row to verify inserted data
for row in rows:
    print(row)

# Close the database connection to release resources
conn.close()